India is a vast, diverse, and culturally rich country that offers an array of experiences unlike any other destination in the world. From bustling cities to peaceful rural villages, from historic temples to vibrant festivals, India is a land of contrasts. While India is an incredibly rewarding place to visit, it can also be overwhelming for first-time travelers, especially for Americans who may not be familiar with the country’s customs, climate, and ways of life. Here are 17 things you should know before traveling to India.
1. India Is Incredibly Diverse
India is not just one country—it’s more like a continent with many distinct cultures, languages, and traditions. The diversity in India is reflected in everything from its cuisine and clothing to its languages and religions. India has 22 official languages, with Hindi and English being the most widely spoken. Each region of India has its own unique identity, so traveling from one state to another can feel like visiting a different country.
Northern India, with cities like Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur, offers a mix of Mughal history and vibrant cities, while the south, including Kerala and Tamil Nadu, is known for its temples, beaches, and backwaters. In the northeast, you’ll find a different cultural landscape, with influences from Tibet and Southeast Asia.
2. Cultural Etiquette Is Important
India is a country with deep-rooted customs and traditions, and understanding basic cultural etiquette will help ensure you have a smooth and respectful experience. Some important etiquette tips include:
- Greetings: The traditional greeting is the Namaste, where you place your hands together in a prayer-like position and bow slightly. It’s a respectful way to greet people, especially in more formal settings.
- Dress Modestly: While cities like Mumbai and Delhi are more modern, it’s important to dress modestly, especially in rural areas and when visiting religious sites. Women should cover their shoulders and knees, and men should avoid wearing shorts in temples or religious places.
- Shoes Off: It’s customary to remove your shoes before entering someone’s home, temples, or certain shops. Look for signs or follow the lead of locals.
- Right Hand Only: When giving or receiving something (especially food), use your right hand, as the left hand is considered unclean in Indian culture.
3. Traffic Can Be Overwhelming
India’s roads can be chaotic, with a mix of cars, motorcycles, rickshaws, bicycles, pedestrians, and animals all vying for space. Traffic rules are often loosely followed, and honking is frequent. Crossing the street can be daunting, especially in major cities like Delhi or Mumbai, so be cautious and use pedestrian crossings when possible.
If you’re not used to the intensity of the traffic, consider using ride-hailing apps like Ola or Uber, which are widely available in most cities and provide a safer and more convenient way to navigate India’s busy streets. Public transportation, such as auto-rickshaws and taxis, is also widely used, but be prepared to negotiate fares if the vehicle doesn’t have a meter.
4. India’s Weather Can Vary Dramatically
India is a large country with diverse climates. The weather you experience will depend on the time of year and the region you visit. The main seasons are:
- Winter (November to February): This is the most pleasant time to visit most parts of India, especially in the north. The temperatures are cooler, and it’s ideal for sightseeing in cities like Delhi, Jaipur, and Agra.
- Summer (March to June): Temperatures soar in many parts of India, particularly in the north, with temperatures often exceeding 100°F (38°C). The southern regions, such as Kerala and Tamil Nadu, remain relatively cooler but still warm.
- Monsoon (June to September): Monsoon season brings heavy rains to most parts of the country, with some regions, such as Kerala and Goa, becoming lush and beautiful during this time. However, monsoons can also cause flooding and disrupt travel plans, so it’s important to plan accordingly.
If you’re visiting the Himalayan region in the north or hill stations like Shimla and Manali, be prepared for colder temperatures, even in summer. In contrast, coastal regions like Goa and Mumbai are typically humid and tropical year-round.
5. India Is a Food Lover’s Paradise
Indian cuisine is incredibly diverse, with each region offering its own unique flavors, ingredients, and cooking styles. Some regions are known for their spicy curries, while others specialize in vegetarian dishes or street food. Some key dishes to try include:
- North Indian Cuisine: Butter chicken, naan bread, biryani, and samosas are popular in cities like Delhi and Jaipur.
- South Indian Cuisine: Dosas, idlis, sambar, and coconut-based curries are common in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka.
- Street Food: Street food is an essential part of Indian culture. From chaat (savory snacks) to pani puri, there are endless options to sample. However, to avoid getting sick, it’s important to eat at clean, reputable stalls.
Vegetarianism is common in India, and you’ll find plenty of delicious plant-based options. Be aware that beef is rarely found on menus in India, as cows are considered sacred in Hinduism.
6. Stay Hydrated, But Be Cautious of Tap Water
While it’s important to stay hydrated in India, especially in the heat, it’s crucial to avoid drinking tap water. Instead, stick to bottled water, which is widely available in hotels, restaurants, and shops. Make sure the seal on the bottle is intact before drinking it. Avoid ice in drinks unless you’re certain it was made from filtered water, and be cautious when consuming raw fruits and vegetables that may have been washed in tap water.
If you’re concerned about plastic waste, consider bringing a water purification bottle or portable water filter.
7. Tipping Is Common, But Not Mandatory
Tipping in India is generally appreciated, but it’s not always expected. In more upscale restaurants, a 10% tip is standard if a service charge isn’t already included in the bill. For smaller eateries and cafes, rounding up the bill is a polite gesture. For services like taxi drivers, tour guides, and hotel staff, small tips are welcome but not obligatory.
In hotels, it’s common to tip porters and housekeeping staff, especially in luxury accommodations. For taxi or auto-rickshaw rides, tipping is less common, but rounding up the fare to the nearest 10 or 20 rupees is often appreciated.
8. You’ll Need a Visa to Enter India
All American citizens require a visa to enter India. Fortunately, India offers an e-visa system that allows travelers to apply online. The process is relatively straightforward, and most travelers receive their visa within a few days. E-visas are valid for entry through specific airports and seaports, so be sure to check the list of eligible entry points before booking your flight.
Make sure to apply for your visa well in advance of your trip, as processing times can vary. Once granted, the e-visa is typically valid for 30 to 60 days, depending on the type of visa you apply for.
9. India’s Festivals Are World-Famous
India is home to some of the world’s most vibrant and colorful festivals, many of which are deeply rooted in religious and cultural traditions. Depending on when you visit, you might have the chance to participate in one of these celebrations:
- Diwali: Known as the Festival of Lights, Diwali is one of the most important Hindu festivals. It typically takes place in October or November, and cities across India are lit up with candles and fireworks.
- Holi: The Festival of Colors, celebrated in March, is famous for its colorful powder throwing and joyous street parties.
- Durga Puja: Celebrated primarily in West Bengal, Durga Puja is a Hindu festival that honors the goddess Durga with elaborate sculptures, parades, and festivities.
- Eid: India has a large Muslim population, and Eid is widely celebrated after the end of Ramadan, with feasts and prayers.
If you’re in India during a festival, be prepared for large crowds, noisy celebrations, and plenty of energy. Participating in these festivals is an unforgettable experience, but it’s important to be respectful of local customs and traditions.
10. Haggling Is Expected in Markets
If you plan to shop in street markets or bazars, be prepared to haggle. Negotiating prices is expected, and many vendors will start with an inflated price, especially when they see tourists. Haggling can be fun if done respectfully—start by offering half the asking price and negotiate from there. It’s also helpful to ask locals or hotel staff about fair prices for certain items to avoid overpaying.
In more upscale stores, restaurants, and malls, prices are typically fixed, and haggling isn’t expected.
11. Prepare for the Crowds
India is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.4 billion people. In major cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Kolkata, the streets can be incredibly crowded, and public places like markets, temples, and train stations are often packed with people. This bustling energy is part of what makes India so vibrant, but it can also feel overwhelming if you’re not prepared for it.
If you’re seeking a break from the crowds, consider visiting India’s more peaceful hill stations like Darjeeling, Ooty, or Shimla, or explore the tranquil backwaters of Kerala.
12. Trains Are an Iconic but Busy Way to Travel
India’s railway network is one of the largest in the world, and traveling by train is an iconic way to see the country. However, trains can be incredibly crowded, especially on popular routes. For a more comfortable experience, consider booking a first-class or second-class AC sleeper ticket, which offers more space and amenities. Train travel is generally affordable, and it’s a great way to see the countryside while interacting with locals.
If you’re traveling on a tighter schedule, consider flying between cities, as India has a well-developed domestic airline network.
13. Cash Is King, But Digital Payments Are Growing
While India is increasingly embracing digital payments, especially with the rise of services like Paytm and Google Pay, cash is still widely used, especially in rural areas and smaller establishments. It’s a good idea to carry Indian rupees (INR) for markets, street food, transportation, and tips. ATMs are readily available in cities, but it’s advisable to carry enough cash when traveling to remote areas.
When paying with cash, keep small denominations on hand, as vendors may not always have change for large bills.
14. Be Mindful of Pollution in Major Cities
Air pollution can be an issue in some of India’s larger cities, particularly Delhi, where the air quality can worsen during certain times of the year, such as during the winter months when crop burning and firecrackers around Diwali exacerbate the pollution. If you’re sensitive to pollution, consider bringing N95 masks and checking the air quality index (AQI) before heading out.
For those with respiratory conditions or concerns about pollution, planning visits to less-polluted areas like the Himalayas, Kerala, or Goa might be more comfortable.
15. India’s Temples Are Magnificent
India is home to some of the most beautiful and historically significant temples in the world, ranging from ancient stone structures to modern architectural marvels. Some must-visit temples include:
- The Taj Mahal (Agra): While technically a mausoleum, the Taj Mahal is a symbol of India’s rich architectural heritage and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Golden Temple (Amritsar): A stunning Sikh temple that is one of the holiest sites in Sikhism. The temple’s gold-plated exterior is mesmerizing, and visitors are welcomed warmly.
- Meenakshi Temple (Madurai): Located in Tamil Nadu, this ancient Hindu temple is known for its towering gopurams (gateway towers) adorned with thousands of intricate carvings.
When visiting temples, be respectful by dressing modestly, removing your shoes before entering, and following local customs.
16. India Is a Spiritual Destination
Many travelers visit India for its spiritual significance, as it is the birthplace of major religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Spiritual seekers often visit places like Rishikesh, known as the “Yoga Capital of the World,” or Varanasi, one of the holiest cities in Hinduism, located along the banks of the Ganges River.
Whether you’re interested in yoga, meditation, or simply observing religious practices, India offers countless opportunities for spiritual exploration and reflection.
17. You Will Experience Culture Shock—Embrace It
India is a country that can overwhelm your senses in the best possible way. From the vibrant colors and chaotic streets to the constant hum of activity and rich smells of spices and incense, India is a place that’s unlike anywhere else. The culture, customs, and way of life might feel very different from what you’re used to, but embracing the differences and staying open-minded will lead to a richer travel experience.
Conclusion
Traveling to India is a deeply rewarding experience filled with vibrant culture, historic landmarks, delicious food, and breathtaking landscapes. However, it’s important to be prepared for the cultural differences, chaotic cities, and various travel challenges you might encounter. By understanding the local customs, being mindful of your surroundings, and embracing the diversity of this incredible country, you’ll be able to fully enjoy everything India has to offer. Whether you’re exploring ancient temples, tasting regional delicacies, or marveling at the stunning landscapes, India is sure to leave a lasting impression.
